Application of Non-Destructive Test Results to Estimate Rock Mechanical Characteristics—A Case Study
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accurately determining rock elastic modulus (EM) and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) using laboratory methods requires considerable time and cost. Hence, the development of models for estimating the mechanical properties of rock is a very attractive alternative. The current research was conducted to predict the UCS and EM of sandstone rocks using quartz%, feldspar%, fragments%, compressional wave velocity (PW), the Schmidt hardness number (SN), porosity, density, and water absorption via simple regression, multivariate regression (MVR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector regression (SVR) with a radial basis function, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using the Gaussian membership (GM) function, and the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) based on various training algorithms. The samples were categorized as litharenite and feldspathic litharenite. By increasing the feldspar% and quartz% and decreasing the fragments%, the static properties increased. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the SN and porosity have the greatest effect on the UCS and EM, respectively. Among the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient training algorithms using the BPNN method, the LM achieved the best results in forecasting the UCS and EM. The ideal obtained BPNN, using a trial-and-error process, contains four neurons in a hidden layer with eight inputs. All five models attained acceptable accuracy (correlation coefficient greater than 70%) for estimating the static properties. By comparing the methods, the ANFIS showed higher precision than the other methods. The UCS and EM of the samples can be determined with very high accuracy (R2 > 99%).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it