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Limits on Neutrino Emission from GRB 221009A from MeV to PeV Using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
Rasha Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, N. Aggarwal, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Jean-Marco Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Yosuke Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, Spencer Axani, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, Vedant Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, Jakob Beise, Chiara Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, Federico Bontempo, Julia Book, Jürgen Borowka, Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, Etienne Bourbeau, J. Braun, Bennett Brinson, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Ryan T. Burley, Raffaela Busse, Michael Campana, K. Carloni, Erin Carnie-Bronca, Kunal Deoskar, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, Brian Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, S. T. Countryman, D. F. Cowen, Christian Dappen, Pranav Dave, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, Diyaselis Delgado, H.-P. Dembinski, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Alba Domi, Hrvoje Dujmović, M. A. DuVernois, Thomas Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, Hannah Erpenbeck, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, A. R. Fazely, Anatoli Fedynitch, Nora Feigl, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, Edward Friedman, Alexander Fritz, Philipp Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. S. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, Alfonso Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, Christian Gläser, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, N. Goehlke, J. G. González, Sreetama Goswami, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, S. Griffin, Spencer Griswold, C. Günther, Pascal Gutjahr, Christian Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, Martin Ha Minh, K. Hanson, John Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, K. Helbing, Jonas Hellrung, Felix Henningsen, Lars Philipp Heuermann, S. Hickford, Attila Hidvégi, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, K. Hoshina, Wenjie Hou, Thomas Huber, K. Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, Karolin Hymon, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, Matti Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, Minjin Jeong, Miaochen Jin, B. J. P. Jones, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, Leonora Kardum, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, Ali Kheirandish, Ken'ichi Kin, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, Alina Kochocki, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, Tomas Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, Michael Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, Karlijn Kruiswijk, Emmett Krupczak, Anil Kumar, Emma Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. N. Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, J. W. Lee, Kayla Leonard DeHolton, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Maria Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, C. Love, L. Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, Andrew Ludwig, William Luszczak, Yang Lyu, W. Y., J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Yuya Makino, Sarah Mancina, W. Marie Sainte, Ioana Codrina Mariş, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, M. Marsee, Ivan Martínez-Soler, R. Maruyama, Finn Mayhew, Thomas McElroy, Frank McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Sarah Mechbal, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, Yarno Merckx, Lukas Merten, Jessie Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, Tridib Mukherjee, Richard Naab, R. Nagai, Uwe Naumann, Jannis Necker, M. Neumann, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, A. Noell, Sarah Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, Bob Oeyen, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, John W. Osborn, Erin O’Sullivan, Hershal Pandya, N. Park, Grant Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, Larissa Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Josh Peterson, Saskia Philippen, Sarah Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Yuriy Popovych, Maria Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, Christoph Raab, John Rack-Helleis, K. Rawlins, Zoë Rechav, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, Simeon Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, Benedikt Riedel, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, I. Safa, Julian Saffer, Daniel Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, M. Santander, Sourav Sarkar, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, Pierpaolo Savina, Merlin Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, B. Schlüter, T. Schmidt, Judith Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Georg Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, Ankur Sharma, S. Shefali, Nobuhiro Shimizu, M. Silva, Barbara Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, Dennis Soldin, Giacomo Sommani, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, Robert Stein, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter–Antonyan, W. G. Thompson, Jessie Thwaites, S. Tilav, Kirsten Tollefson, Christoph Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, Alexander Trettin, C. F. Tung, Roxanne Turcotte, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, B. Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, K. Upshaw, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. V. Santen, J. Vara, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, Stef Verpoest, Doğa Veske, C. Walck, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, Philip Weigel, A. Weindl, Jan Weldert, C. Wendt, Johannes Werthebach, Mark Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, N. Willey, D. R. Williams, Martin Wolf, Gerrit Wrede, Johan Wilfried Wulff, Xiaolin Xu, Emre Burak Yildizci, S. Yoshida, G. B. Yu, S. Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Z. Zhang, Pavel Zhelnin
Bibliographic record
VenueThe Astrophysical Journal Letters · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsQueen's UniversityUniversity of Alberta
FundersInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceSantenNational Research FoundationEuropean CommissionMarsden FundUniversity of OxfordChiba UniversityNational Research Foundation of KoreaSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Science Foundation
KeywordsNeutrinoPhysicsObservatoryNeutrino detectorGamma-ray burstAstronomyAstrophysicsNeutrino astronomyNeutrino oscillationNuclear physics
Abstract
Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been considered a possible source of high-energy neutrinos. While no correlations have yet been detected between high-energy neutrinos and GRBs, the recent observation of GRB 221009A—the brightest GRB observed by Fermi-GBM to date and the first one to be observed above an energy of 10 TeV—provides a unique opportunity to test for hadronic emission. In this paper, we leverage the wide energy range of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory to search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A. We find no significant deviation from background expectation across event samples ranging from MeV to PeV energies, placing stringent upper limits on the neutrino emission from this source.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.009
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.028
GPT teacher head0.247
Teacher spread0.219 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations58
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes