Prevalence and factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus among adults: Baseline findings of PURE Malaysia cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a silent killer that is responsible for almost 1.6 million deaths annually, particularly among those who are undiagnosed during its early stage. Prediabetes has become a growing public health concern due to its potential to progress to DM. This study thus aimed to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and DM and their associated factors among Malaysian adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among adults 35–70 years of age residing in rural and urban areas in Malaysia. Blood samples (finger prick test) and physical examinations were conducted on 4982 participants who consented to participate in this study. A pre-validated questionnaire consisting of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and medical history was used to assess physical activity level and family history of DM, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with prediabetes and DM.ResultsThe prevalence of prediabetes and DM were 10.8% and 11.9%, respectively. Participants who were ≥50 years old, male, Malay, or physically inactive or had hypertension or a family history of DM had higher odds of having prediabetes and DM. Unique to DM, individuals with a lower educational level were more likely to have DM.ConclusionsPrediabetes health screening is critical in the Malaysian population. Early detection of prediabetes promotes early intervention, including lifestyle modifications, to prevent progression to DM. The factors associated with prediabetes and DM identified in this study will assist in disease prevention and facilitate more efficient management strategies in this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".