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Christian Communities, Iran, 600–1500

2023· other· en· W4361278877 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Encyclopedia of Ancient History · 2023
Typeother
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicEurasian Exchange Networks
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCaliphateIslamPersecutionBishopsChristianityAncient historyState (computer science)HistoryPopulationFaithMiddle EastDowryReligious studiesPolitical scienceLawTheologyPhilosophySociologyArchaeologyDemography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Before Islam arrived, Christians made up a significant religious minority in Persia. The faith presumably moved eastward from its Palestinian origins during the Parthian period and was already established when the Sasanian era began. The Church of the East developed as an independent body under the Sasanians, headed by a Catholicos‐patriarch and with a network of bishops and metropolitans. Periods of official persecution occurred from the fourth century on and the impact of the fifth‐century Christological controversies (Nestorianism and Monophysitism) was also felt. After the advent of Islam, Christians in Persia were subject to the jizya poll tax but also had protected dhimmi status. Whereas the Umayyads were less concerned with conversion than with tax revenues, their successors the Abbasids prioritized conversion, resulting in a gradual decline in the Christian population and an increase in the number of Muslims. Nonetheless, Christians continued to play key roles in the caliphate, as doctors, administrators, and translators from Greek to Arabic. After two centuries of Seljuk rule, the Mongols conquered Baghdad and Christians found themselves in favor initially. However, the rulers of the Ilkhanate eventually converted to Islam, shortly after which the state collapsed, to be succeeded by the Timurids and the Turkmen Federations (Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu), under whom Christianity shrank further in numerical strength and influence.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.087
Threshold uncertainty score0.995

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.042
GPT teacher head0.272
Teacher spread0.230 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it