The Effect of Board Attributes on Firm Performance: Evidence from Post MCCG 2007 and Post-MCCG 2012 in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of board attributes on the firm performance of public listed companies in Malaysia during the periods of post-Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (2007) and post-Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (2012).Based on the Agency and Stewardship theories, the relationships between CEO duality, board composition, board size, gender diversity, and firm performance on PLCs in the main board of Bursa Malaysia were examined.A sample of 688 companies from 2011, 2012, 2016, and 2017 was observed.Findings indicate that the CEO duality, board size, and gender diversity significantly influence the firm performance in the study periods.Such findings offer interesting insights to the relevant authorities towards designing the bestsuited governance measures that may lead to a successful implementation of corporate governance practice.This study also signals the need for an enhanced role of relevant institutional agencies in strategising and strengthening the corporate governance framework in an emerging country such as Malaysia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".