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Record W4361975091 · doi:10.55365/1923.x2023.21.33

The Impact of Education in Economy. The Case of Albania

2023· article· en· W4361975091 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Alba Ramallari, Entela Velaj

Bibliographic record

VenueReview of Economics and Finance · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicEconomic Growth and Development
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSalaryEmigrationProduction (economics)EconomicsPopulationEconomic growthDevelopment economicsLabour economicsDemographic economicsMarket economyPolitical scienceSociologyMacroeconomics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

As an economist and researcher of macroeconomic models for economic growth, we give importance to labor efficiency to increase the level of production.Efficiency is directly related to education, qualification, specialization, etc.We give importance to the educational part, as we also connect it with the salary and the advantages that education gives to a country as a public good.Being a country in transition makes us appreciate it more and as individuals we invest in it, but generation after generation have tried to get an education and leave the country.This is the reason that education in our country gives the expected results.However, education is also related to the culture received from generation to generation.The purpose of this study is to discover the relationship between the education of the population and the economic growth of the country.The result of the study was surprising.Education in Albania does not make a positive contribution to economic growth.On the contrary, it gives a negative impact.Albania is facing an increasing emigration of educated and professional individuals.This has a negative impact on economic growth as the country has spent on their education while the host country benefits from the contribution.Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day.Teach a man to fish and he will eat for a lifetime."-Laozi(老子) 1 .

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.031
Threshold uncertainty score0.062

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0020.002
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.262
Teacher spread0.250 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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