Relay-Assisted Federated Edge Learning: Performance Analysis and System Optimization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we study a relay-assisted federated edge learning (FEEL) network under latency and bandwidth constraints. In this network,$N$users collaboratively train a global model assisted by$M$intermediate relays and one edge server. We firstly propose partial aggregation and spectrum resource multiplexing at the relays in order to improve the communication of the relay-assisted FEEL system. Furthermore, we derive analytical and asymptotic expressions of the system outage probability and convergence rate. For the purpose of improving the system performance, we further optimize the relay-assisted FEEL network by maximizing the number of users who participate in each round of federated learning, through allocation of the wireless bandwidth among users and relays. Specifically, two bandwidth allocation (BA) schemes have been proposed, assuming either instantaneous or statistical channel state information (CSI). Simulations show the advantages of the proposed BA schemes over other benchmarks, regarding the accuracy and convergence rate of the considered relay-assisted FEEL network.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".