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Record W4362460078 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.3275

Side-by-Side Comparison of Methods for Environmental Monitoring for Hazardous Drug Contamination

2023· article· en· W4362460078 on OpenAlexafffundvenue
Chun‐Yip Hon

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicSafe Handling of Antineoplastic Drugs
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan UniversityToronto Public Health
FundersUniversity of British Columbia
KeywordsContaminationDrugDrug detectionHazardous wasteDetection limitSampling (signal processing)Environmental scienceMedicineToxicologyChromatographyChemistryPharmacologyWaste managementComputer scienceBiologyEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background: Exposure to hazardous drugs is known to have deleterious effects on health care workers. To assess risk, environmental monitoring is conducted to ascertain drug contamination on surfaces, as dermal contact is the main route of exposure. Conventional monitoring employs wipe sampling whereby the wipe must be sent to a laboratory for analysis. This means that quantitative results are not available for some time, during which the risk remains unknown. A new device, the HD Check system, developed by BD, which uses lateral-flow immunoassay technology, allows for near real-time qualitative assessment of contamination (positive or negative); however, its sensitivity relative to the traditional method is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the ability of this novel device to detect drug contamination relative to the conventional method. Methods: Five sets of different known drug concentrations were compared between the conventional wipe sampling method and the HD Check systems for methotrexate (MTX) and cyclophosphamide (CP). Stainless steel surfaces were tested, and the drug concentrations ranged from 0 ng/cm2 to twice the limit of detection (LOD) of each HD Check system. Results: For MTX, positive results were obtained in every test trial at all drug concentrations examined with the HD Check system (LOD = 0.93 ng/cm2). For CP, test results with the HD Check system (LOD = 4.65 ng/cm2) were all positive at the LOD and twice the LOD; however, at 50% and 75% of the LOD, the result was positive in only 90% (9/10) of the trials. The conventional method was able to quantify the test drug concentrations with a high level of accuracy and reproducibility. Conclusions: These results suggest the potential utility of the novel device as a screening tool for higher levels of drug contamination with MTX and CP, but additional research is needed to determine its suitability for lower concentrations, especially of CP. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’exposition à des médicaments dangereux est connue pour avoir des effets délétères sur les travailleurs de la santé. Pour évaluer les risques, une surveillance environnementale est menée pour vérifier la contamination des surfaces par les médicaments, car le contact cutané est la principale voie d’exposition. La surveillance conventionnelle utilise un échantillonnage par frottis, lequel doit être envoyé à un laboratoire pour analyse. Cela signifie que les résultats quantitatifs ne sont pas disponibles pendant un certain temps – temps pendant lequel le risque reste inconnu. Un nouvel appareil, le système HD Check de BD, qui utilise la technologie d’immunodosage à flux latéral, permet une évaluation qualitative en temps quasi réel de la contamination (positive ou négative); cependant, sa sensibilité par rapport à la méthode traditionnelle est inconnue. Objectif : Évaluer la capacité de ce nouveau dispositif pour détecter la contamination médicamenteuse par rapport à la méthode conventionnelle. Méthodes : Cinq ensembles de différentes concentrations connues de médicaments ont été utilisés pour comparer la méthode conventionnelle d’échantillonnage par frottis et les systèmes HD Check pour la méthotrexate (MTX) et la cyclophosphamide (CP). Des surfaces en acier inoxydable ont été testées et les concentrations de médicament variaient de 0 ng/cm2 à deux fois la limite de détection (LD) de chaque système HD Check. Résultats : Pour la MTX, des résultats positifs ont été obtenus dans chaque essai à toutes les concentrations de médicament examinées avec le système HD Check (LD = 0,93 ng/cm2). Pour la CP, les résultats des tests avec le système HD Check (LD = 4,65 ng/cm2) étaient tous positifs à la LD et au double de la LD; cependant, à 50 % et 75 % de la LD, le résultat n’était positif que dans 90 % (9/10) des essais. La méthode conventionnelle a été en mesure de quantifier les concentrations de médicament à l’essai avec un niveau élevé de précision et de reproductibilité. Conclusions : Ces résultats suggèrent l’utilité potentielle du nouveau dispositif comme outil de dépistage pour des niveaux plus élevés de contamination médicamenteuse par la MTX et la CP, mais des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer son adéquation à des concentrations plus faibles, en particulier de CP.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.328
Threshold uncertainty score0.595

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.084
GPT teacher head0.477
Teacher spread0.392 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations1
Published2023
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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