Changes in Glacial Area Extent in Auyuittuq National Park, Pangnirtung
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With global temperatures rising four times faster in the Canadian Arctic compared to global averages, glaciers in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) are starting to shrink at an alarming rate (Paul et al., 2020). To quantify rates of change, frequent updates of glacial outlines to provide an accurate database for monitoring are needed (Schaffer et al., 2017). Rundle, Nerutusoq, and Fort Beard Glaciers are all located on the Penny Ice Cap within Auyuittuk National Park, Baffin Island, Canada. Using a combination of aerial photography and ArcGIS Pro, I examined the historical and recent changes in glacial area extents. High resolution historical aerial photographs from the National Air Photo Library dating to September 1959 were manually georeferenced onto ArcGIS Pro. Photogrammetry techniques were then used to combine the aerial photographs into one combined orthographic image. The historic glaciers were then outlined using a manual technique based on the pixel size (8 μm) of the images using ArcGIS Pro. This allows me to compare glacial outlines from 2010 using the Randolph glacier inventory and 2022 using manual outline techniques described, respectively. Because using a manual technique can create accuracy limitation, specifically during the georeferencing process, I compared results for both time periods using an automatic method. Results from my work will provide estimates of changes in glacier area over time, the relative precision of different methods, and weather rates of shrinkage have increased over time. ReferencesPaul, F., Rastner, P., Azzoni, R. S., Diolaiuti, G., Fugazza, D., Le Bris, R., Nemec, J., Rabatel, A., Ramusovic, M., Schwaizer, G., & Smiraglia, C. (2020). Glacier shrinkage in the Alps continues unabated as revealed by a New Glacier Inventory from sentinel-2. Earth System Science Data, 12(3), 1805–1821. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1805-2020 Schaffer, N., Copland, L., & Zdanowicz , C. (2017). Ice velocity changes on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, since the 1950s. Journal of Glaciology, 63(240), 716–730. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.40
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".