Hormonal Contraceptives Reduce Active Symptomatic Disease but May Increase Intestinal Inflammation in IBD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Among women of reproductive age with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we aimed to assess the relationship of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) with IBD-related symptoms, and intestinal inflammation. METHODS: A nested cohort of women in the longitudinal Manitoba Living with IBD Study, ages 18 to 49, were followed for 1 year, with bi-weekly online surveys. This included a validated measure of disease activity; IBD Symptom Inventory (IBDSI), and stool samples obtained at 3 time-points for assessment of fecal calprotectin (FCAL). Use of HC included oral and vaginal intrauterine devices. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between HC and IBD-related symptoms (IBDSI>14 for Crohn disease, >13 for ulcerative colitis), or inflammation (FCAL>250 ug/g) at any measurement point in the study. RESULTS: Of 71 women, 17 (24%) reported taking HC in the 1 year period. Adjusting for age, disease type, disease duration, and smoking status, the odds of having increased IBD-related symptoms (IBDSI) during the year were lower for women using HC compared with women not using HC [adjusted odds ratio 0.16, 95% CI, 0.02-0.90]. Conversely, women using HC were more likely to have inflammation during the year [adjusted odds ratio 5.7, 95% CI, 1.23-43.6]. CONCLUSIONS: HC use among women with IBD was associated with a lower likelihood of IBD-related symptoms but a higher likelihood of experiencing intestinal inflammation (FCAL>250 ug/g) over 1 year. Further work is needed to examine this dichotomous result, potentially examining aspects such as duration of HC use, and the types of HC.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".