Bibliographic record
Abstract
A feature of the modern theory of polarization is that metallic systems do not admit a well-defined ground state polarization.This is predicated on the assumption that the electronic contribution to the polarization is well-defined if and only if the electronic ground state is "localized."If instead one takes the view that the electronic polarization is more fundamentally related to the existence of a complete set of exponentially localized Wannier functions, a definition is always admitted.This is the perspective we have adopted in the unified theory of microscopic polarization and magnetization fields that we have previously developed.Interestingly, when the modern theory admits a well-defined polarization, in particular for "trivial" insulators, these philosophically different approaches agree.Comparison with the modern theory of magnetization is somewhat different; we find agreement for the ground state orbital magnetization in "trivial" insulators and as well the predicted magnetoelectric effect, but disagree with later thermodynamic extensions to include metals and Chern insulators in that description.In addition, we also provide a novel perspective on the distinct contributions to the electrical conductivity tensor in the long-wavelength limit.In particular we find that, in the absence of any scattering mechanisms, the dc divergence of that tensor arises from what we identify as a free current density and the finite-frequency generalization of the anomalous Hall contribution arises from a combination of bound and free current densities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.902 | 0.862 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".