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Record W4362588096 · doi:10.1162/leon_a_02381

Newton Harrison and the Trial by Fire

2023· article· en· W4362588096 on OpenAlexaff
Lauren Bon

Bibliographic record

VenueLeonardo · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAnatomy and Medical Technology
Canadian institutionsLaurentian University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsIconDownloadCitationComputer scienceWorld Wide WebSearch engine optimizationInformation retrievalSearch engine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Newton Harrison and I had been collaborators and friends for 12 years, but for the past two years we met every Sunday to engage in rigorous conversation with one another. These conversations regarded our practices both as independent people and as collaborators on how to generate art practices grounded on a wounded planet. The conversations centered around the life web and being careful listeners to it. Newton prioritized the healing of the earth above the ethos of art for art’s sake and his commitment to the life web was a decadeslong joint effort between Newton and his late wife, Helen Mayer Harrison.Together, as “The Harrison Studio,” they accomplished a multitude of works that have inspired many of us to follow the path they trailblazed. Newton and Helen encouraged the many around them to build research-based art practices from ennobling problems. These projects would advocate for the commons of the world’s oceans, topsoil, atmosphere, and forests. In my case specifically, Newton assigned entropy mitigation. The Harrisons would offer proxy ennobling problems to solve until we could find our own. As systems thinkers, they had the unique ability to approach impossible challenges with great articulation.In one of my last conversations with Newton, he shared with me that he had been in dialogue with the life web in his waking dreams: “‘Watershed, watershed, what now? What now, web of life?’ And the web of life said, ‘human human, I am in the process of expelling you’” [1]. The life web was expelling Newton because he was dying, but what he also meant by this was that the life web was expelling all of us, all human life. This was a sentiment he had shared with me many times before. Newton believed that the expulsion of humans from the life web was part of its system performing a natural function of self-defense.Systems thinking inclined Newton towards the complexity of the whole: the processes and patterns that govern life. The concept of entropy and thermodynamics was an important piece of the puzzle for Newton: “The laws of the conservation of energy say: you can’t make it and you can’t destroy it, but you can change it. That is to say, you can change an atom into a bomb, in the extreme [sense]. If you change energy from one source to another, there is a net loss. In a system, if you take enough energy out and change it into something else, the system becomes immobile. When it becomes immobile, that is called entropy” [2]. Capitalism has led to entropy because “when you create capital you have already shifted energy from one form to another. The actual creation of capital is a decrease of energy. The only reason why we got away with it for so long is that the life web made gigantic abundance” [3].Although the life web makes abundance, this does not negate the entropy that takes place under the practice of capitalism. The net loss has reached an extreme peak, and “in the laws of physics, when a force emerges, a counter force comes to meet it. We were the force that emerged and the dying back of the life web is the counter force that meets us” [4]. Newton called the force that meets us the “trial by fire,” which is a series of shocks sent out by the life web. In his words: “[the life web’s] big message is 100-degree temperature at the North Pole, and its little message is coronavirus and [fertility rates]” [5]. Although Newton understood the earth to be expelling us, he believed there was hope. As the life web expels us “a new teacher has emerged and the new teacher that has emerged is called the ‘trial by fire.’. . . We have invented a trial by fire and now we have to cope. And I think as the fire gets worse, coping mechanisms will be part of everyday subject matter. And as that happens, I think at least some part of the population’s empathy will grow. . . . I do believe that” [6]. Empathy is the key here. For Newton, empathy “is hardwired to us genetically, is survival based, and our contemporary culture has dismantled it and has made it almost impossible to happen” [7].Newton saw empathy as an integral part of that which governs the greater flow of life. But just as the laws of thermodynamics have been ignored by capitalism, the culture of capitalism leaves no room for empathy. This is precisely because capitalism is invested in nonlife, it is nonlife, and empathy is a vital life force. Newton believed that “if [empathy] evokes you hard enough, it evokes a kind of opening of your hands so that you give everything you’ve got, everything that you have in you to help or engage or do. [Empathy] is about the only thing that does that. It belongs to a specialized subset of what one would call ‘love’” [8].Towards the end of his life, Newton began to advocate for a new culture. We must “invent a new culture that can survive under these conditions if enough of us don’t die. If enough is left, what will the new culture look like? . . . A whole new culture has to happen, and it’s a culture of abundance, and it comes from overproduction of the life web itself” [9]. To argue for a new culture in some ways appears absurd. For one, Indigenous people have had cultures for decades that center around the life web. Secondly, it is hard to imagine culture being invented like some kind of experiment in a lab; culture seems to invent itself. But I think this is what Newton was saying—that a new culture will invent itself. If humans live on, a new culture must emerge. If humans live on, it will be after great strife in the form of the trial by fire because of entropy of the life web at the hand of capitalism. If humans live on, it will be precisely because of the inherent generosity and overabundance of the life web. And we belong to the life web, we are part of it. What survival entails is us opening ourselves to the abundance and empathy that lies within, that tethers us to the life web, so that we can give back to the earth and thus ourselves. Newton, just as the trial by fire will be, was a fierce teacher and a powerful friend.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.420
Threshold uncertainty score0.124

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.004
GPT teacher head0.200
Teacher spread0.195 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Published2023
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