Geographical distribution, abundance and population structure of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex. Heckel, a culturally important species in Benin Republic
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• AFRICLIM's bioclimatic data can be associated with plots to assess their influence on the abundance and distribution of species. • Ricinodendron heudelotii is distributed in the most watered regions of Benin. • The aridity index significantly influences the abundance of R. heudelotii . • The Yoruba-Nagot community of Benin could have considered the presence of R. heudelotii as one of the criteria for selecting a site to settle. Climate change and human activities pose a major threat to forest resources and the livelihoods of vulnerable communities. Understanding the factors that influence the distribution and abundance of priority species for these communities is crucial for conservation and sustainable management purposes. We identified the pedoclimatic and anthropogenic factors that influence the geographical distribution and abundance of Ricinodendron heudelotii , a woody species with high socio-cultural value in Benin, and assessed the demographic structure of its populations. Through a survey carried out in all phytodistricts of the Guineo-Congolian zone and the Sudano-Guinean transition zone of Benin, the species’ presence was recorded with the help of the hunters and Fulani communities living in the area. We set thirty-eight plots of 1 ha (100 m× 100 m) in forests where the largest populations of the species were found. Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare the mean abundance of the species between phytodistricts and to identify underlying factors shaping observed differences. Slope analysis of the ordinary least squares regression of tree density against diameter size class distribution midpoint and the skewness coefficient were used to assess the populations’ structure of the species. The species is distributed in the phytodistrict within latitude 6° 50′ - 9° 50′. These phytodistricts are the most watered phytodistricts of Benin with rainfall between 900 mm and 1300 mm per year. The abundance of the species varied from one phytodistrict to another (from 9.25 ± 2.39 to 19.5 ± 4.5 trees.ha -1 ) and is significantly influenced by aridity index, moisture index of the arid quarter, harvest intensity, and wildfires. An assessment of the population structure revealed a predominance of small-diameter individuals, suggesting some population stability. Long-term conservation of the species requires controlling anthropogenic pressures on its populations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it