Geographical distribution, abundance and population structure of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex. Heckel, a culturally important species in Benin Republic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate change and human activities pose a major threat to forest resources and the livelihoods of vulnerable communities. Understanding the factors that influence the distribution and abundance of priority species for these communities is crucial for conservation and sustainable management purposes. We identified the pedoclimatic and anthropogenic factors that influence the geographical distribution and abundance of Ricinodendron heudelotii, a woody species with high socio-cultural value in Benin, and assessed the demographic structure of its populations. Through a survey carried out in all phytodistricts of the Guineo-Congolian zone and the Sudano-Guinean transition zone of Benin, the species' presence was recorded with the help of the hunters and Fulani communities living in the area. We set thirty-eight plots of 1 ha (100 m× 100 m) in forests where the largest populations of the species were found. Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare the mean abundance of the species between phytodistricts and to identify underlying factors shaping observed differences. Slope analysis of the ordinary least squares regression of tree density against diameter size class distribution midpoint and the skewness coefficient were used to assess the populations' structure of the species. The species is distributed in the phytodistrict within latitude 6° 50′ - 9° 50′. These phytodistricts are the most watered phytodistricts of Benin with rainfall between 900 mm and 1300 mm per year. The abundance of the species varied from one phytodistrict to another (from 9.25 ± 2.39 to 19.5 ± 4.5 trees.ha-1) and is significantly influenced by aridity index, moisture index of the arid quarter, harvest intensity, and wildfires. An assessment of the population structure revealed a predominance of small-diameter individuals, suggesting some population stability. Long-term conservation of the species requires controlling anthropogenic pressures on its populations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".