Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance of the report.Anthyllis vulneraria is rarely adventive or naturalized in the Great Lakes region.Prior to this report there had been no reports of this species from Ontario for over a century.Previous knowledge.Anthyllis vulneraria is native to much of Europe and the Mediterranean region.Introduced populations have been reported from widely scattered sites in North America but have remained few and highly localized.Most records of A. vulneraria in North America have been from ephemeral occurrences, in some cases derived from contaminants in clover seed, rather than representing established populations.As of 2022, according to the Natural Heritage Information Centre (2022), no recent records of A. vulneraria in Ontario were known.The most recent report listed was from Oxford County, where it had been found in 1909 (Mitchell 1910).Older records were listed only from Oxford and Wellington counties and what is now the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.In Michigan, MICHIGAN FLORA ONLINE (2011) recorded A. vulneraria only from Mackinac County, where it had been found at one locality in 1934 and another in 2008, but Voss (1985) ) also noted an ephemeral occurrence in Ingham County in 1897.It has been reported from six counties in New York, but according to Werier et al. ( 2022) its naturalization status there is not known.Cooperrider (1995) did not list this species in the flora of Ohio, although it had previously been reported from Lake County by Shaffner (1932).The Ohio State University herbarium (OS) web site (Museum of Biological Diversity 2023) shows two specimens from a single collection in Lake County in 1927.Discussion.At the site reported here, plants of Anthyllis vulneraria were present along an old farm road, now a trail, well outside Hamilton's urban boundary, on Hamilton Conservation Authority land.Although the population extended over a wide area, there were no large or dense stands.The plants were in open areas in a successional plant community with scattered buckthorns and young white cedars and sugar maples, in rocky, calcareous soils, among other natural-
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".