Development of Aster Yellows on Crop and Noncrop Species from the Canadian Prairies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aster yellows phytoplasmas (AYp) are a group of obligate parasites that infect a wide range of plant species, including crops such as canola and cereals and noncrops such as dandelion and wild mustard. In the Canadian Prairies, these microorganisms are mainly transmitted by a migratory species of leafhopper ( Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes). Although a low incidence of the disease associated with this pathogen has been reported for most years in canola fields, several outbreaks have been documented in this region. A selection of crop and noncrop species commonly found in the Canadian Prairies and Arabidopsis thaliana were used to assess the suitability of these plant species as hosts for AYp (16SrI-B). Symptom expression and phytoplasma levels were examined at different time points following exposure to infective insects. A. thaliana, barley, and canola were susceptible to infection with AYp, yet symptoms differed among these plant species. A. thaliana and canola exhibited symptoms of infection as early as 2 weeks following exposure to infected insects, whereas symptoms in barley were observed at 5 weeks. A lower incidence rate was observed in wheat, and levels of AYp in phytoplasma-infected wheat plants were low. Dandelion and sowthistle tested negative for the presence of AYp at all time points, suggesting that these are unsuitable hosts for these microorganisms. Moreover, we observed a partial disassociation between the plant species that were suitable hosts for AYp and those that had been characterized as more suitable or suitable hosts for aster leafhopper oviposition and nymphal development in previous studies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".