Clinical efficacy of Yiqi Yangxue formula on knee osteoarthritis and unraveling therapeutic mechanism through plasma metabolites in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yiqi Yangxue formula (YQYXF) on knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to explore the underlying therapeutic mechanism of YQYXF through endogenous differential metabolites and their related metabolic pathways. Methods: A total of 61 KOA patients were recruited and divided into the treatment group (YQYXF, 30 cases) and the control group (celecoxib, Cxb, 31 cases). Effects of these two drugs on joint pain, swelling, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and c-reactive protein (CRP) were observed, and their safety and adverse reactions were investigated. In animal experiments, 63 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, sham operation (sham) group, model (KOA) group, Cxb group, as well as low-dose (YL), medium-dose (YM), and high-dose groups of YQYXF (YH). The KOA rat model was established using a modified Hulth method. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/Q Exactive HF-X Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass (UHPLC-QE-MS)-based metabolomics technology was used to analyze the changes of metabolites in plasma samples of rats. Comprehensive (VIP) >1 and t -test p < 0.05 conditions were used to screen the disease biomarkers of KOA, and the underlying mechanisms of YQYXF were explored through metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. The related markers of YQYXF were further verified by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: YQYXF can improve joint pain, swelling, range of motion, joint function, Michel Lequesen index of severity for osteoarthritis (ISOA) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, ESR, and CRP. No apparent adverse reactions were reported. In addition, YQYXF can improve cartilage damage in KOA rats, reverse the abnormal changes of 16 different metabolites, and exert an anti-KOA effect mainly through five metabolic pathways. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased after the treatment of YQYXF. Conclusion: YQYXF can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of KOA patients without obvious adverse reactions. It mainly improved KOA through modulating lipid metabolism-related biomarkers, reducing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".