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Search for heavy long-lived multi-charged particles in the full LHC Run 2 pp collision data at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt><mml:mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:math> TeV using the ATLAS detector
G. Aad, B. Abbott, D. C. Abbott, K. Abeling, S. H. Abidi, A. Aboulhorma, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, A. C. Abusleme Hoffman, B. S. Acharya, B. Achkar, C. Adam Bourdarios, L. Adamczyk, L. Adámek, S. V. Addepalli, J. Adelman, A. Adıgüzel, T. Adye, Y. Afik, M. N. Agaras, J. Agarwala, A. Aggarwal, C. Agheorghiesei, J. A. Aguilar–Saavedra, A. Ahmad, F. Ahmadov, W. S. Ahmed, S. Ahuja, X. Ai, G. Aielli, I. Aizenberg, M. Akbiyik, T. P. A. Åkesson, A. V. Akimov, K. Al Khoury, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, P. Albicocco, S. Alderweireldt, M. Aleksa, C. Alexa, T. Alexopoulos, A. Alfonsi, F. Alfonsi, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, S. Ali, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, W. Alkakhi, C. Allaire, B. M. M. Allbrooke, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, Elio Alunno Camelia, M. Alvarez Estevez, M. G. Alviggi, Y. Amaral Coutinho, A. Ambler, Christoph Amelung, C. G. Ames, D. Amidei, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, S. Amoroso, K. R. Amos, Cherifa Sabrina Amrouche, V. Ananiev, C. Anastopoulos, T. Andeen, J. K. Anders, S. Y. Andrean, A. Andreazza, S. Angelidakis, A. Angerami, A. V. Anisenkov, A. Annovi, C. Antel, M. T. Anthony, E. Antipov, M. Antonelli, D. J. A. Antrim, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, T. Aoki, J. A. Aparisi Pozo, M. A. Aparo, L. Aperio Bella, C. Appelt, Nordin Aranzabal Barrio, V. Araujo Ferraz, C. Arcangeletti, A. T. H. Arce, E. Arena, J-F. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, J.-H. Arling, A. J. Armbruster, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, Z. P. Arrubarrena Tame, G. Artoni, H. Asada, K. Asai, S. Asai, Nedaa Alexandra Asbah, J. Assahsah, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, R. J. Atkin, Markus Julian Atkinson, N. B. Atlay, Hicham Atmani, P. A. Atmasiddha, K. Augsten, S. Auricchio, A. D. Auriol, V. A. Austrup, G. Avner, G. Avolio, K. Axiotis, M. K. Ayoub, G. Azuelos, D. Babal, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, A. Bachiu, F. Backman, A. Badea, P. Bagnaia, M. Bahmani, A. J. Bailey, V. R. Bailey, J. T. Baines, C. Bakalis, Keith Baker, P. J. Bakker, E. Bakos, D. Bakshi Gupta, S. Balaji, R. Balasubramanian, E. M. Baldin, P. Balek, E. Ballabene, F. Balli, L. M. Baltes, W. K. Balunas, J. Balz, E. Banaś, M. Bandieramonte, A. Bandyopadhyay, L. Barak, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, G. Barbour, K. N. Barends, T. Barillari, M-S. Barisits, Tim Barklow, Michael Barnett, P. Baroň, D. A. Baron Moreno, G. Barone, A. J. Barr, L. Barranco Navarro, F. Barreiro, João Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, Uriel Barron, S. Barsov, F. Bartels, R. Bartoldus, A. E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basalaev, A. Basan, M. Baselga, I. Bashta, A. Bassalat, M. J. Basso, C. R. Basson, R. L. Bates, Souad Batlamous, Richard Batley, B. Batool, M. Battaglia, D. Battulga, M. Bauce, A. Bayirli, J. B. Beacham, T. Beau, P. H. Beauchemin, F. Becherer, P. Bechtle, H. P. Beck, C. Becot, A. J. Beddall, V. A. Bednyakov, Chris Bee, L. J. Beemster, T. A. Beermann, M. Begalli, M. Begel, A. Behera, J. K. Behr, C. Beirão Da Cruz E Silva, J. F. Beirer, Florian Beisiegel, M. Belfkir, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, P. Bellos, K. Beloborodov, K. Belotskiy, N. L. Belyaev, D. Benchekroun, Fatima Bendebba, Y. Benhammou, Doug Benjamin, M. Benoit, J. R. Bensinger, Stan Bentvelsen, L. Beresford, M. Beretta, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, B. Bergmann, J. Beringer, S. Berlendis, G. Bernardi, C. Bernius, F. U. Bernlochner, T. Berry, P. Berta, A. Berthold, I. A. Bertram, S. Bethke, A. Betti, A. J. Bevan, M. Bhamjee, S. Bhatta, D. S. Bhattacharya, P. Bhattarai, V. Bhopatkar, Ran Bi, R. M. Bianchi, O. Biebel, R. Bielski, M. Biglietti, T. R. V. Billoud, M. Bindi, A. Bingül, C. Bini, S. Biondi, A. Biondini, C. J. Birch-sykes, G. A. Bird, M. Birman, T. Bisanz, E. Bisceglie, D. Biswas, A. Bitadze, K. Bjørke, I. Bloch, C. Blocker, A. Blue, U. Blumenschein, J. Blumenthal, V. S. Bobrovnikov, D. Bogavac, A. G. Bogdanchikov, C. Böhm, V. Boisvert, P. Bokan, T. Bołd, M. Bomben, M. Bóna, M. Boonekamp, C. D. Booth, A. G. Borbély, H. M. Borecka-Bielska, L. S. Borgna, G. Borissov, D. Bortoletto, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, J. D. Bossio Sola, K. Bouaouda, J. Boudreau, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, D. Boumediene, R. Bouquet, A. Boveia, Jamie Boyd, D. Boye, I. Boyko, J. Braciník, N. Brahimi, G. Brandt, O. Brandt, F. Braren, B. Brau, Jim Brau, K. Brendlinger, A. Roy, L. Brenner, R. Brenner, S. Bressler, B. Brickwedde, D. Britton, D. Britzger, I. Brock, G. Brooijmans, W. K. Brooks, E. Brost, Tim Lukas Bruckler, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, B. Brüers, D. Bruncko, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, M. Bruschi, N. Bruscino, L. Bryngemark, T. Buanes, Q. Buat, P. Buchholz, A. G. Buckley, I. A. Budagov, M. K. Bugge, O. Bulekov, B. A. Bullard, S. Burdin, C. D. Burgard, A. M. Burger, B. Burghgrave, Jon Burr, C. D. Burton, J. C. Burzynski, E. L. Busch, V. Buescher, P. J. Bussey, J. M. Butler, C. M. Buttar, J. M. Butterworth, W. Buttinger, C. J. Buxo Vazquez, Alexey Buzykaev, G. Cabras, S. Cabrera Urbán, D. Caforio, H. Cai, Y. Cai, V. M. M. Cairo, Ö. Çakır, N. Calace, P. Calafiura, G. Calderini, P. Calfayan, G. Callea, L. P. Caloba, D. Calvet, S. Calvet, T. P. Calvet, M. Calvetti, R. Camacho Toro, S. Camarda, D. Camarero Munoz, P. Camarri, Maria Teresa Camerlingo, D. Cameron, C. Camincher, M. Campanelli, A. Camplani, V. Canale, A. Canesse, Marc Bret Cano, J. Cantero, Y. Cao, F. Capocasa, M. Capua, A. Carbone, R. Cardarelli, Juan Carlos Cardenas, F. Cardillo, Ben Carlson, E. M. Carlson, L. Carminati, M. Carnesale, S. Caron, E. Carquín, S. Carrá, G. Carratta, F. Carrió Argos, Pilar Casado Lechuga, Albert Francis Casha, E. G. Castiglia, L. Castillo García, N. F. Castro, A. Catinaccio, J. R. Catmore, V. Cavaliere, N. Cavalli, V. Cavasinni, E. Celebi, F. Celli, M. S. Centonze, K. Černý, A. S. Cerqueira, F. Cerutti, A. Cervelli, S. A. Çetin, Z. Chadi, D. Chakraborty, M. Chala, J. D. Chapman, B. Chargeishvili, D. G. Charlton, T. P. Charman, M. Chatterjee, S. Chekanov, S. V. Chekulaev, A. Chen, Boping Chen, Charlie Chen, Cheng Chen, H. Chen, H. Chen, Jing Chen, Jiayi Chen, S. Chen, S. J. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, Alkaid Cheng, H. C. Cheng, A. Cheplakov, E. Cheremushkina, E. Cherepanova, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, E. Cheu, Kingman Cheung, L. Chevalier, V. Chiarella, G. Chiarelli, N. Chiedde, G. Chiodini, A. S. Chisholm, A. Chitan, M. Chitishvili, Justin Chiu, M. V. Chizhov, K. Choi, A. R. Chomont, Y. Chou, E. Y. S. Chow, T. Chowdhury, L. D. Christopher, Michael Kwok Lam Chu, M. C. Chu, Xiaotong Chu, J. Chudoba, J. J. Chwastowski, D. Cieri, K. M. Ciesla, V. Cindro, A. Ciocio, F. Cirotto, Z. H. Citron, M. Citterio, Dan Andrei Ciubotaru, B. M. Ciungu, A. Clark, P. J. Clark, J. M. Clavijo Columbie, S. E. Clawson, C. Clément, J. Clercx, L. Clissa, Y. Coadou, M. Cobal, A. Coccaro, R. F. Coelho Barrue, R. Coelho Lopes De, S. Coelli, Hadar Cohen, A. E. C. Coimbra, B. Cole, J. Collot, P. Conde Muíño, Matt Connell, S. H. Connell, I. A. Connelly, E. I. Conroy, F. Conventi, H. G. Cooke, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, F. Cormier, L. D. Corpe, M. Corradi, E. E. Corrigan, F. Corriveau, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, Maria Jose Costa Mezquita, F. Costanza, D. Costanzo, B. M. Cote, G. Cowan, J. W. Cowley, K. Cranmer, S. Crépé-Renaudin, F. Crescioli, M. Cristinziani, M. Cristoforetti, V. Croft, Nanni Crosetti, A. Cueto, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann, Han Cui, Z. Cui, A. R. Cukierman, Liam Cunningham, F. Curcio, P. Czodrowski, M. M. Czurylo, Mario Jose Sousa, J. V. Da Fonseca Pinto, C. Da Vià, W. Dąbrowski, T. Dado, S. Dahbi, T. Dai, C. Dallapiccola, M. Dam, G. D’amen, V. D’Amico, Johannes Frederic Damp, J. R. Dandoy, M. F. Daneri, M. Danninger, V. Dao, Nanni Darbo, S. Darmora, S. J. Das, S. D’Auria, C. David, T. Davídek, D. R. Davis, B. Davis-Purcell, I. Dawson, K. De, R. De Asmundis, M. De Beurs, N. De Biase, Stefano de Castro, Nicolo de Groot, Paul de Jong, H. De la Torre, Antonio de Maria, Alessandro de Salvo, U. De Sanctis, A. De Santo, J. B. De Vivie De Regie, Dmitri Dedovich, J. Degens, A. M. Deiana, F. Del Corso, Jose del Peso, F. Del Rio, F. Déliot, C. M. Delitzsch, M. Della Pietra, D. della Volpe, A. Dell’Acqua, L. Dell’Asta, M. Delmastro, P. A. Delsart, S. Demers, M. Demichev, S. P. Denisov, L. D’Eramo, D. Derendarz, F. Derue, P. Dervan, K. Desch, Karola Dette, C. Deutsch, P. O. Deviveiros, F. A. Di Bello, Anna Di Ciaccio, Lucia Di Ciaccio, A. Di Domenico, C. Di Donato, Alessandro Di Girolamo, G. Di Gregorio, A. Di Luca, B. Di Micco, R. Di Nardo, C. Diaconu, F. A. Dias, T. Dias Do Vale, M. A. Díaz, F. G. Diaz Capriles, M. Didenko, Edward Diehl, L. Diehl, S. Díez Cornell, C. Diez Pardos, C. Dimitriadi, A. Dimitrievska, W. Ding, J. Dingfelder, I-M. Dinu, S. J. Dittmeier, Fido Dittus, F. Djama, T. Djobava, J. I. Djuvsland, C. Doglioni, J. Dolejší, Z. Doležal, M. Donadelli, Binbin Dong, J. Donini, A. D’onofrio, M. D’Onofrio, J. Dopke, A. Doria, M. T. Dova, Tony Doyle, M. A. Draguet, E. Drechsler, E. Dreyer, I. Drivas-koulouris, A. S. Drobac, M. Drozdova, D. Du, Tristan Du Pree, Filipp Dubinin, M. Dubovsky, E. Duchovni, G. Duckeck, O. A. Ducu, M. D’uffizi, L. Duflot, Michael Duehrssen-Debling, C. Dülsen, A. E. Dumitriu, M. Dunford, S. Dungs, K. Dunne, A. Duperrin, H. Duran Yıldız, Michael Johannes Dueren, A. Durglishvili, B. L. Dwyer, Ian Dyckes, M. Dyndał, S. Dysch, B. S. Dziedzic, Z. O. Earnshaw, B. Eckerova, Michael Glenn Eggleston, E. Egidio Purcino De Souza, L. F. Ehrke, G. Eigen, K. Einsweiler, T. Ekelöf, P. A. Ekman, Y. El Ghazali, H. El Jarrari, A. El Moussaouy, V. Ellajosyula, M. Ellert, F. Ellinghaus, A. A. Elliot, Nick Ellis, J. Elmsheuser, M. Elsing, D. Emeliyanov, A. Emerman, Y. Enari, I. Ene, S. Epari, J. Erdmann, A. Ereditato, P. A. Erland, M. Errenst, M. Escalier, C. Escobar, E. Etzion, G. Evans, H. Evans, M. O. Evans, Aleksei Ezhilov, S. Ezzarqtouni, Federica Fabbri, L. Fabbri, G. Facini, V. Fadeyev, R. M. Fakhrutdinov, S. Falciano, P. J. Falke, S. Falke, J. Faltova, Y. Fan, Y. Fang, G. Fanourakis, M. Fanti, M. Faraj, A. Farbin, A. Farilla, T. Farooque, S. M. Farrington, F. Fassi, D. Fassouliotis, M. Faucci Giannelli, W. J. Fawcett, L. Fayard, P. Federičová, O. L. Fedin, G. Fedotov, M. Feickert, L. Feligioni, Alix Fell, D. E. Fellers, C. Feng, M. Feng, Z. Feng, M. J. Fenton, A. B. Fenyuk, L. Ferencz, S. W. Ferguson, P. M. Freeman, S. González de la Hoz, Sergio González Fernández, R. Gonzalez Lopez, Cesar Gonzalez Renteria, R. Gonzalez Suarez, S. González-Sevilla, G. R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez, N. M. Harrison, X. Jia, Zihang Jia, Alan Mathew Kahn, D. P. Kisliuk, M. Lazzaroni, B. Li, A. J. Myers, C. W. Ng, H. A. Smith, G. H. Stark, D. M. S. Sultan, Ann Miao Wang, Shuanggeng Wang, Ioannis Xiotidis, Tairan Xu, Jun Yan, K. Zhang, B. Zhou, Hao Zhou
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysics Letters B · 2023
Typepreprint
Languagelv
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersBrookhaven National LaboratoryEuropean Social FundNuclear PhysicsInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesEuropean Regional Development FundCompute CanadaFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJustus Liebig Universität GießenAgencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y TecnológicaDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronShanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyGeneralitat ValencianaUniversité Hassan II de CasablancaUniversité Cadi AyyadNarodowa Agencja Wymiany AkademickiejUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and ElectronicsAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloStockholms UniversitetAgence Nationale de la RechercheUniversität InnsbruckUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaRoyal Holloway, University of LondonUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroCentre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et TechniqueUniverza v LjubljaniRoyal SocietyUniversity of ZululandUniversity of South AfricaUniversity of the PhilippinesSouthern Methodist UniversityConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoUniversity of JohannesburgUniversité Paris-SaclayUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroHigh Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationUniversité de GenèveIsrael Science FoundationDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College LondonUniversité de FribourgUniversidade de São PauloScottish Universities Physics AllianceNational Tsing Hua UniversityCERNMinistry of Education, IndiaShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsGeneralitat de CatalunyaMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónUniversità degli Studi di PaviaTRIUMFJavna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RSBritish Columbia Knowledge Development FundUniversidad de Buenos AiresCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMax-Planck-GesellschaftUniversità degli Studi di TrentoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataBundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und WirtschaftUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyUniversità di PisaTechnische Universität DresdenSapienza Università di RomaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasAustrian Science FundLeverhulme TrustEuropean CommissionFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloUniversität HeidelbergGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftScience and Technology Facilities CouncilSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungUniversity of GlasgowDanmarks GrundforskningsfondAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgUniversity College LondonNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungUniversité Grenoble AlpesIowa State UniversityNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaU.S. Department of EnergyUniversità della CalabriaCanarieQueen Mary University of LondonHarvard UniversityUniversity of Cape TownInstitut "Jožef Stefan"Lunds UniversitetLouisiana Tech UniversityCentres de Recerca de CatalunyaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINational Science FoundationAlexander von Humboldt-StiftungShandong UniversityUniversité Mohammed VI PolytechniqueTechnische Universität DortmundAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsTürkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu
KeywordsLarge Hadron ColliderAtlas detectorPhysicsCollisionAtlas (anatomy)DetectorNuclear physicsParticle physicsATLAS experimentComputer scienceOpticsGeologyComputer security
Abstract
A search for heavy long-lived multi-charged particles is performed using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data collected in 2015–2018 at s=13 TeV from pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 are examined. Particles producing anomalously high ionization, consistent with long-lived spin-½ massive particles with electric charges from |q|=2e to |q|=7e are searched for. No statistically significant evidence of such particles is observed, and 95% confidence level cross-section upper limits are calculated and interpreted as the lower mass limits for a Drell–Yan plus photon-fusion production mode. The least stringent limit, 1060 GeV, is obtained for |q|=2e particles, and the most stringent one, 1600 GeV, is for |q|=6e particles.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.817
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.046
GPT teacher head0.282
Teacher spread0.236 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations9
Published2023
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes