Self-efficacy in the Context of PMTCT of HIV: A Concept Clarification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the effort and emphasis of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) strategies, the rate of Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV continue to be high. Selfefficacy beliefs may be very helpful for not only perception and avoidance of risk for MTCT of HIV but also for coping with the disease and empowering health and socio-economic conditions. However, previous analyses of self-efficacy were found to be only partially useful in the context of PMTCT of HIV. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current knowledge about the selfefficacy concept and clarify its theoretical application in the context of PMTCT of HIV research. The Norris method of concept clarification was used as the guiding framework. Literature Review. Literature review was conducted in MEDLINE, PUBMED, CINHAL, and Google Scholar. Six antecedents of self-efficacy identified were perceived risk, challenges, tasks, goals, adversity, and difficulty. High self-efficacy was found to influence the development of cognitive, personal, behavioral, and environmental factors which influence the adherence of PMTCT strategies and prevention of MTCT of HIV. The clarification of the self-efficacy concept will assist nurse researchers, practitioners, and educators in developing interventions and education strategies aimed at promoting PMTCT of HIV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.019 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".