International Students’ Smartphone Usage During the First COVID-19 Lockdown
Bibliographic record
Abstract
contexts during their stay abroad. In this empirical study, we examined how a group of international students (n=10) in France used their smartphones during the eight-week lockdown that imposed on everyone a stay-at-home order and allowed minimal physical contact (April and May 2020). We collected data about students’ use thanks to a self-tracking app and interviews. Drawing on literature from the fields of language education, communication, and psychology, we considered advantages and limitations of smartphone use by international students pertaining to three aspects of their lives: (1) emotional management, (2) language and culture learning, and (3) sociocultural adaptation. Since international students were in the host country, but without the social life on campus that usually makes immersion abroad so special, this study led us to reflections about immersion and inclusion in education abroad. Abstract in French Les smartphones accompagnent les étudiants internationaux dans leur adaptation à différents contextes pendant leur séjour à l'étranger. Dans cette étude empirique, nous avons examiné comment un groupe d'étudiants internationaux (n=10) en France a utilisé leurs smartphones pendant le confinement de 8 semaines qui a imposé à tous de rester à la maison et a engendré un contact physique minimal (avril et mai 2020). Nous avons recueilli des données sur les usages des étudiants grâce à une application d’auto-suivi et des entretiens. En nous appuyant sur la littérature dans les domaines de l'enseignement des langues, de la communication et de la psychologie, nous avons examiné les avantages et les limites de l'utilisation du smartphone par les étudiants internationaux en ce qui concerne trois aspects de leur vie : (1) la gestion des émotions, (2) l'apprentissage de la langue et de la culture, et (3) l'adaptation socioculturelle. Étant donné que les étudiants internationaux se trouvaient dans le pays d'accueil, mais sans la vie sociale sur le campus qui rend habituellement l'immersion à l'étranger si spéciale, cette étude nous a amenés à réfléchir à l'immersion et à l'inclusion dans l'éducation à l'étranger.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".