Design and Application of a Traveling Wave Pulse Power Supply for Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) coupled mass spectrometry (MS) is a versatile tool for analytical separations, characterization, and detection by measuring collision cross-sections and mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios. Traveling wave (TW)-based structures for lossless ion manipulations (TW-SLIM) is an innovative ion drift tube for complex gas phase ion manipulations, which is the key component of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS). TW-SLIM combines flexible ion path design and traveling wave technology. The traveling wave pulse power supply is used to provide an oscillatory electric fields. Ions in TWIMS are propelled and separated by traveling wave. The operating pressure, TW amplitude and TW frequency of TW pulse have effect on ion motion in TWIMS. In this work, a traveling wave pulse power supply was developed, which mainly consisted of field programmable gate array (FPGA), half-bridge gate driver integrated circuit (IC), metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), adjustable high voltage module and external trigger signal. The frequency of TW pulse power supply was up to 100 kHz, both rising edge and falling edge were less than 20 ns. The influence of TW amplitude and TW frequency on ions transmission and separation was explored on the home-built instrument platform. The experimental results presented here provide a fundamental understanding of the transmission and separation mechanism in TWIMS. The maximum signal intensity of hexakis (2, 2-difluoroethoxy) phosphazene was at amplitude of 35 V and frequency of 10 kHz. As the traveling wave frequency increased at a fixed traveling wave amplitude, signal intensity of hexakis (2, 2-difluoroethoxy) phosphazene decreased. Ions separations was positively related to frequency when traveling wave amplitude was fixed, while traveling wave amplitude was opposite. The development of traveling wave pulse power supply is valuable for research and development of high resolution TWIMS instrument.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".