Characterization and expression profile of transient receptor potential channels in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background In the past few decades, heat waves and seasonal variation linked with global warming are causing frequent fluctuations of water temperature in aquatic environments, resulting in further challenges for marine organisms. As a poikilothermic marine animal and a temperate species, sea cucumber A. japonicus is also very sensitive to temperature variation and shows a limited ability to adapt to environmental temperature changes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which A. japonicus perceives signals from such a diverse environment including the trigger of aestivation still remain unclear. TRP (transient receptor potential) superfamily, as the great potential “sentinel” of the organism in response to the changes of the external environment signals, perceived little attention and will be the future great candidates for sensory function research in echinoderm. Methods BLAST program was applied to identify the AjTRPs based on A. japonicus transcriptome database. Gene structure analysis of AjTRPs and phylogenetic analysis of TRPs were performed. The expression profiles of AjTRPs in different tissues and in response to different heat stress treatments (chronic/ acute) were measured using qRT-PCR. Results A total of 54 TRPs were identified in A. japonicus . Gene structure analysis showed that the exon numbers and the domains of AjTRPs varied greatly. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AjTPRs were mainly grouped into six subfamilies: TRPA, TRPM, TRPC, TRPV, TRPML, and TRPP. Copy numbers of each TRP member in marine invertebrates including A. japonicus were more than those in vertebrates, however some TRP channel members were lost in invertebrates. Expression profile detection suggested that the representative 15 AjTRP genes belonging to 6 subfamilies were expressed in all tissues examined. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the plastic evolutionary history of TRP channel genes and suggest that TRPM2-1, TRPM2-2, TRPM3, and TRPC3-1 are potential thermo-TRP proteins involved in thermal regulation in A. japonicus . This work facilitates the knowledge of TRP-mediated sensory systems in echinoderms, provides new insights into the mechanisms of aestivation and global warming adaptation in marine invertebrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".