A review of <i>Ellescus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A combination of morphological and molecular techniques were used to revise the genus Ellescus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ellescini) in North America. Four valid species of Ellescus are documented from the Nearctic Region. These are the widespread, hypervariable E. ephippiatus (Say, 1831), the Holarctic E. bipunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (of which E. borealis (Carr, 1920) new synonym is found to be a new junior synonym), the west coast endemic E. californicus (Casey, 1885) (resurrected from synonymy with E. ephippiatus (Say, 1831)), and the temperately distributed E. michaelinew species. A neotype is designated for E. bipunctatus. The European species, E. scanicus (Paykull, 1792), is determined to have been erroneously reported from North America. An illustrated identification key, distributional data, and DNA sequences (CO1, ITS2) are provided to facilitate identification of the Ellescus species in North America. Notably, CO1 failed to delineate E. ephippiatus and E. michaeli, but the faster-evolving ITS2 reliably separated these taxa, further supporting the use of multiple markers in taxonomic studies and the utility of ITS2 in weevil species delineation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".