Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chapter 7 considers the Wehrmacht chaplains after World War II. Defeat and occupation created barriers but also possibilities. Christianity provided common ground with the Allies, including US, French, and British chaplains. Former Wehrmacht chaplains, like Werthmann, became spokesmen for German soldiers and mediators with the victors. Defeat opened roles, like ministering to POWs and imprisoned Nazis. In the Cold War context, chaplains presented themselves as having been a Christian bulwark against Nazi paganism and now against Communism. Thus chaplains who had legitimated the Nazi German war effort found ways to legitimate themselves. The chapter contrasts the Wehrmacht chaplains’ postwar roles with US Jewish chaplains, who became strong advocates for Jewish displaced persons. Popular culture continued to present the Wehrmacht chaplains as tragic heroes who had tried to uphold Christian ethics in the face of evil, but at the level of policy, the old model of military chaplaincy was repudiated. East Germany did not permit chaplains, and in West Germany, the new chaplaincy created in the 1950s was tasked not with boosting morale but with being a voice of conscience in the military.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".