Machining of PAM green Y-TZP: Influence of build and in-plane directions on cutting forces and surface topography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The combination of the pellet additive manufacturing (PAM) process and green ceramic machining within the same hybrid machine is a very promising route to obtain green ceramic parts with complex shapes, smooth surface topography and tight tolerances. However, there is still a lack of data due to the novelty of this manufacturing route. This article studies the possible influence of the build and in-plane directions on the cutting forces and surface topography during the milling of Y-TZP green ceramic parts obtained by the PAM process. The RMS cutting forces, arithmetic and total roughness (Ra and Rt, respectively) were measured. The in-plane direction (aligned with one of the horizontal part edges) did not have a significant influence neither on the cutting forces nor on the surface topography. Conversely, the build direction has a significant effect on the cutting forces recorded. The layers deposited the furthest from the build platform required 57.5% less force to be milled than those in contact with it. The surface topography was not significantly modified across the build direction, all values of Ra were within the 0.8 µm Ra class while all Rt values were < 5 µm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".