Bibliographic record
Abstract
The estimated quantity of sludge generated by the Canadian pulp and paper industry in 1995 was about 2.2 million tones of dry solids (tds) while that of municipal and meat-processing sludge was equal to 612,000 and 20,000 tds, respectively. As a result of landfill directives and national legislation which impose minimum solids content of 35% and carbon limit for wastes to be landfilled, major R&D efforts are directed in developing an effective and environmentally acceptable methods of sludge treatment and disposal. Thermal drying could be an attractive solution to sludge disposal especially for complex wastes containing fibres and/or sticky components such as animal fat. Because most of dry wastes have an intrinsic value, they can be beneficially recycled in agriculture, used as a fuel or serve as an inert support in such products as a cat litter. The proposed Jet Spouted Bed Dryer with inert particles (JSBD) is an advanced and energy efficient technology to obtain powders from solutions, slurries and pastes by drying on the surface of inert particles brought into intensive and random motion. The dryer presented here was developed to process otherwise hard-to-dry pulp and paper secondary sludge and meat processing sludge as currently used technologies do not guarantee product of required quality. Experimental results obtained on a 50kW-test bench demonstrate the technical feasibility of drying such sludges, which may contain up to 15% of fibres or up to 60% of fat. Also it is possible to obtain dry product in the form of fine powder with narrow size distribution and with an average particle diameter equal to 40 µm for meat processing sludge, and 136 µm for pulp and paper secondary sludge.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".