Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of tobacco products and associated factors in Turkey based on the Turkey Health Survey 2019 data conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). Method: The study was designed as a cross-sectional research. It was conducted by utilizing the "Turkey Health Survey 2019" microdata set from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The data of 17,084 people aged 15 years and over were evaluated. Results: The study examined the data of 17,084 individuals aged ≥15 years surveyed by the TUIK. 27.2% of the participants used tobacco products every day, 3.4% used occasionally, and 54.2% never used them. Furthermore, 15.8% of the participants were exposed to secondhand smoking for ≥1 hour every day, while 7% were exposed to secondhand smoking for <1 hour every day in a closed environment. The reasons for starting to use tobacco products were friend influence for 33.4% of the participants, wannabe for 25.2%, and curiosity for 18.6%. Conclusion: More than a quarter of people aged ≥15 years in Turkey smoke every day. The frequency of using tobacco products every day, the daily number of cigarettes smoked, and the frequency of exposure to tobacco products in closed areas were higher among men.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".