Persistent pitch angle anisotropies of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pitch Angle Distributions in the radiation belts are well characterized with sinnα. By tracking the exponent ‘n’, termed Pitch Angle Index, we are able to observe persistent and cross energy changes in pitch angle distributions of Van Allen radiation belt electrons using Van Allen Probes particle observations. The pitch angle distributions measurements are well fit down to a single satellite spin, and therefore can track spatially and temporally confined changes to determine connection between particles and waves. We use the Van Allen Probes data in conjunction with Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) spacecraft and several ground magnetometer stations from Canadian Array for Realtime Investigations of Magnetic Activity (CARISMA) and Finnish pulsation magnetometer network of Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO) to connect particles that become very anisotropic to electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves during a quiet period over two days, June 26 and 27, 2013. The waves and peaks in the particle PADs are both long lasting but spatially separated, suggesting that wave particle interactions in the inner magnetosphere can occur for extend periods of time and have significant impact on the global radiation belts, even during otherwise geomagnetically quiet times and when wave activity is highly localized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".