Infrared Spectra of the Water–CO<sub>2</sub> Complex in the 4.3–3.6 μm Region and Determination of the Ground State Tunneling Splitting for HDO–CO<sub>2</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spectra of water─CO 2 dimers are studied using a tunable mid-infrared source to probe a pulsed slit jet supersonic expansion. H 2 O–CO 2 and D 2 O–CO 2 are observed in the CO 2 ν 3 fundamental region (≈2350 cm –1 ), D 2 O–CO 2 is also observed in the D 2 O ν 3 fundamental region (≈2790 cm –1 ), and HDO–CO 2 is observed in the HDO O–D stretch fundamental region (≈2720 cm –1 ), all for the first time in these regions. Analysis of the spectra yields excited state rotational parameters and vibrational shifts. They also yield the first experimental values of the ground state internal rotation tunneling splittings for D 2 O–CO 2 (0.003 cm –1 ) and HDO–CO 2 (0.0234 cm –1 ). The latter value is a direct determination made possible by the reduced symmetry of HDO–CO 2 . These results provide stringent and easily interpreted tests for theoretical water–CO 2 potential energy surface calculations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".