Substrate moisture and texture affect germination in Houghton’s goldenrod (<i>Solidago houghtonii</i>), a federally protected Great Lakes endemic plant
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rare plants garner significant conservation attention, but many have knowledge gaps associated with their life histories. This missing information presents a substantial hurdle for applied conservation. Houghton’s goldenrod (<i>Solidago houghtonii</i> Torrey & A. Gray [Asteraceae]) is a Great Lakes endemic perennial that is often locally abundant but is limited to a narrow region in Michigan, New York, and Ontario. This species is federally listed in the US as threatened, state listed as threatened in Michigan and endangered in New York, and is a species of special concern in Canada. There may be enough viable <i>S. houghtonii</i> populations to meet the US federal recovery criterion, but more data are needed regarding long-term persistence within and across populations, especially related to successful sexual reproduction—key in most seed plants’ long-term persistence. As part of a range-wide study on the species, we performed greenhouse and field experiments to evaluate the effects of substrate moisture and texture on germination success. In both experimental contexts, we found that <i>S. houghtonii</i> germination significantly increased with increased substrate moisture and smoother substrate texture. In addition, a post hoc exploratory analysis on the effects of disturbance on germination showed higher germination in plots with higher disturbance levels, though this trend was not statistically significant. These results add to the limited life history information available for <i>S. houghtonii</i>. Our findings also suggest that substrate texture may be an easily characterized habitat variable that predicts germination for other species because of its relationship to consistent moisture contact for seeds. Weber JB, Leopold DL. 2023. Substrate moisture and texture affect germination in Houghton’s goldenrod (<i>Solidago houghtonii</i>), a federally protected Great Lakes endemic plant. Native Plants Journal 24(1):33–43.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it