Heterogeneous doping via charge carrier transport improves Photoelectrochemical H2O oxidative H2O2 synthesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting into H 2 O 2 and H 2 has attracted significant attention due to its low cost and sustainability. However, slow charge carrier transport and water oxidation kinetics limit the selectivity for H 2 O 2 production and solar conversion efficiency. Herein, we propose a heterogeneous doping approach that combines surface gradient doping with bulk doping to improve the charge carrier transport in the photoelectrode. Inducing gradient Nb and homogeneous Mo doping into BiVO 4 photoanode (G-Nb/Mo:BVO) can promote charge separation and carrier transfer, leading to the high selectivity for H 2 O 2 generation and suppression of O 2 production. Consequently, the heterogeneously doped G-Nb/Mo:BVO photoanode presents an average Faraday efficiency (FE) of over 80% for H 2 O 2 production in a wide potential of 0.6–1.8 V RHE with the maximum FE of 83.7% at 1.2 V RHE under AM 1.5G illumination. More importantly, H 2 O 2 production rate can reach 1.23 μmol min −1 cm −2 at 1.23 V RHE , representing the best H 2 O 2 production rate reported for the photoelectrodes. Density functional theory calculations prove that Mo and Nb co-doping increases the reactivity of BiVO 4 and improves 2e − water oxidation reaction activity and selectivity. This work demonstrates that heterogeneous doping provides a cost-effective strategy to break performance trade-offs by improving charge carrier separation and transport in light absorbers, and modulating the selectivity and activity of water oxidation reaction to generate H 2 O 2 , which can be extended to other photocatalytic reactions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".