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Perceptions of Ideal Breast and Areola Dimensions: A Survey Of 2,259 Respondents

2023· article· en· W4366141351 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Annet S. Kuruvilla, Anish Kumar, Taylor J. Ibelli, Peter W. Henderson

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of the American College of Surgeons · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicGlobal Cancer Incidence and Screening
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineIdeal (ethics)AreolaPerceptionSurgeryLawEpistemology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Introduction: Surgeons make decisions about areola size in breast procedures, but no formal study has been conducted to identify general views on ideal size. The objective of this study was to survey the global population to better understand their perceptions on ideal areola dimensions. Methods: The survey was created using SurveyMonkey and completed via Amazon Mechanical Turk over a 24-hour period. Participants’ demographics (sex, age group, country, state if located in the US, and race/ethnicity) were collected. Each participant had 9 composite diagrams of a female torso (combinations of 3 breast and 3 waist widths) and asked to select the best of 6 options with areola diameter: breast width ranging from 1:12 to 6:12. Results: Of 2,259 participants, with male(1,283;56.8%) and female(976;43.2%), majority were between 25 and 34 years old (1,012;44.8%), from US (1,669;73.9%), White race (1,430;63.3%), and had a Bachelor’s degree (1,426; 63.1%). Most participants selected 2:12 (32.89%) and second-most commonly selected 3:12 (30.61%)(P<0.0001). Males were more likely to choose extreme dimensions of 1:12 or 6:12 in comparison to females (P<0.0001). Across almost all races, 2:12 was most popular except among American Indian/Alaskan Native and Middle Eastern where 3:12 was most popular(P< 0.0001). Across the top 6 countries, US, India and Italy had 2:12 as the most popular and Brazil, Canada, and United Kingdom had 3:12 as the most preferred (P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study provides the first objective assessment of public’s impression of ideal areola proportions, and can guide surgical decision making in reconstructive procedures.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.010

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.341
Teacher spread0.288 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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