Evolutionarily Conserved Role of Thioredoxin Systems in Determining Longevity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase are evolutionarily conserved antioxidant enzymes that protect organisms from oxidative stress. These proteins also play roles in redox signaling and can act as a redox-independent cellular chaperone. In most organisms, there is a cytoplasmic and mitochondrial thioredoxin system. A number of studies have examined the role of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in determining longevity. Disruption of either thioredoxin or thioredoxin reductase is sufficient to shorten lifespan in model organisms including yeast, worms, flies and mice, thereby indicating conservation across species. Similarly, increasing the expression of thioredoxin or thioredoxin reductase can extend longevity in multiple model organisms. In humans, there is an association between a specific genetic variant of thioredoxin reductase and lifespan. Overall, the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial thioredoxin systems are both important for longevity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".