PENYELUDUPAN DADAH DARI KAWASAN SEGI TIGA EMAS THAILAND SERTA KESAN TERHADAP KESELAMATAN EKONOMI MALAYSIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kegiatan penyeludupan dadah merupakan jenayah popular kerana berupaya untuk menjana pendapatan kewangan lumayan kepada sindiket penyeludupan dadah sama ada diperingkat antarabangsa mahupun tempatan. Kemasukan dadah ke Tanah Melayu bermula sejak awal kurun ke-18 oleh imigran Cina. Walaubagaimanapun, kemasukan dadah dari luar negara secara haram semakin kritikal selepas tamat Perang Dunia Kedua menyebabkan Kerajaan British mengharamkan penggunaan dadah di Tanah Melayu secara menyeluruh pada tahun 1952. Kewujudan kawasan Segi Tiga Emas Thailand awal tahun 1960-an sebagai kawasan pengeluaran utama heroin dunia telah menjadikan Malaysia terdedah kepada kegiatan penyeludupan dadah dari luar negara. Objektif kajian ini adalah mengenalpasti bagaimana kemasukan dadah ke dalam negara hingga mewujudkan ancaman terhadap keselamatan ekonomi negara Malaysia. Kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif berdasarkan sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Sumber primer telah diperolehi daripada proses temubual bersama informan manakala sumber sekunder diperolehi daripada buku ilmiah, artikel jurnal serta tesis akademik. Konsep Keselamatan Ekonomi telah digunapakai bagi menerangkan fenomena yang dikaji. Dapatan kajian telah menerangkan kesan yang terhasil daripada kegiatan penyeludupan dadah dari kawasan Segi Tiga Emas Thailand terhadap keselamatan ekonomi negara Malaysia. Drug trafficking is a widespread crime as it is a lucrative business among organisations at the local or international level. The introduction of Opium in Malay Peninsular during the eighteenth century by the Chinese immigrants was the beginning of drug abuse problems in the region. Nevertheless, the illegal drug smuggling activities were actively occurring by the end of World War Two, making the British Government in Malaya ban the public usage of drugs by implementing the Drug Ordinance in 1952. In the Golden Triangle region located in the mountainous areas of Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos in the early 1960s increased trafficking activities in Malaysia hence becoming a real threat to Malaysia’s national security. This research aims to identify the entry of drugs from abroad and determine how much activity threatens nathreatensy. This qualitative research utilised primary and secondary data from interviews with informants and data retrieved from books, article journals and academic thesis. The Economic Security Concept has been used in elaborating the research phenomena. The research findings have further explained the impact of drug smuggling activities from Thailand’s Golden Triangle on Malaysia’s economic security.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".