Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION It is a privilege to write in honour of John Eekelaar, whose contribution to the study of family law is as immense as it is wide-ranging. Aside from his research, John was a key figure in creating and nurturing the International Society of Family Law, which was so influential in shaping the family law agenda, and which provided opportunities for academics around the world to meet and to discuss issues of joint concern. I first met John in 1976, at a conference organised by the University of Toronto. He was already an established and well-respected scholar. I had just ‘discovered’ the issue of international parental child abduction via my research into the wardship jurisdiction. John also had an early interest in that topic, and his valuable study of the problem, in Commonwealth legal systems, helped to persuade Commonwealth law ministers to support a Hague initiative, which in due course led to the concluding of the 1980 Hague Abduction Convention. While John’s career took a different direction, I developed an interest in international child abduction and, more broadly, in the global attempts to deal with cross-border disputes concerning children. Pursuing an international theme, this contribution explores some of the jurisdictional consequences that ensue in having to apply the 1996 Hague Protection of Children Convention (the Convention), rather than Council Regulation No. 2201/2003 (the revised Brussels II Regulation, hereafter ‘BIIa’), which the UK formally revoked on 31 December 2020 – the end of the implementation period following its withdrawal from the EU – and which is now referred to as ‘IP completion day’. 2. BACKGROUND TO THE CURRENT JURISDICTIONAL RULES 2.1. THE CONVENTION, BIIA AND THE FAMILY LAW ACT 1986 Jurisdiction to make orders relating to children is complicated. To put the following discussion into context, it should be appreciated that, before IP completion day, the UK was bound by BIIa, and was a Contracting State to the Convention. So far as children are concerned, the two instruments overlap to a significant extent, which is not surprising, since the Regulation was modelled on the Convention. Each instrument provides for common rules of jurisdiction, and for consequent recognition and enforcement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".