Evaluation of the anti-diarrheal activity of 80% methanol extracts and the solvent fraction of the leaves of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The leaf of Withania somnifera has been used for the treatment of diarrhea without evaluation of its efficacy. This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of 80% methanol extract and the solvent fraction of Withania somnifera leaf in mice.Materials and Methods: The extraction was done using a cold maceration technique. The antidiarrheal activity was investigated on the castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced gastrointestinal transit tests, and castor oil-induced enteropooling models. The mice were randomly grouped into negative control received 10ml/kg 2% tween-80 in distilled water, positive control received 3mg/kg loperamide, and group III - V received 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400mg/kg of the extract orally.Result: The crude extract, aqueous, and n-butanol fractions significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg doses. All three doses of the crude extract showed significant activity on the three models (castor oil induced diarrhea, castor oil induced gastro-intestinal motility, and castor oil-induced enteropooling test), whereas the aqueous and n-butanol fractions revealed a significant result at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. The phytochemical screening showed that flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, phenols, saponin, terpenoids, and steroid were presented in the crude, flavonoid, phenol, tannin, saponin, alkaloid, and steroid were possessed in aquas fraction, while the n-butanol fraction contained flavonoid, tannins, phenols, alkaloid and terpenoids, the chloroform fraction showed the presences of flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids. The acute oral toxicity test revealed that the crude extract was safe at 2000 mg/kg.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the crude and fractions of Withania somnifera leaf has antidiarrheal activity and supports the folklore use of the plan for the treatment of diarrhea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".