Appendix: list of women reformers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Note: The women listed below are those who feature in this book, including the names of their partners and associates, where these are also mentioned and information is known. For other names, see the general index. The names listed are those by which the women were generally known; titles are omitted. In a few cases, dates of birth and/or death are not known. Page numbers in bold indicate a photograph. Abbott, Edith (1876–1957) US page 49 Abbott, Elizabeth (1884–1957) UK Abbott, Grace (1878–1939) US page 49 Aberdeen, Lady, see Hamilton-Gordon, Ishbel page 35 Abraham, May (1869–1946) UK page 261 Abram, Annie (1869–1930) UK Addams, Jane (1860–1935) US page 46 , 80, 149, 288 Aldrich-Blake, Louisa (1865–1925) UK Alice, Princess, of Hesse-Darmstadt (1843–78) UK and Germany Anderson, Adelaide (1863–1936) UK Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett (1836–1917) UK Anderson, Louisa Garrett (1873–1943) UK page 211 Andrews, Fannie Fern (1867–1950) US Anstruther-Thomson, Clementina (1857–1921) UK Anthony, Katharine (1877–1965) US Anthony, Susan B. (1820–1906) US Arthur, Helen (1879–1939) US Askanasy, Anna (also known as Helena or Helen Mahler) (birth and death dates not known, active 1930–70) Austria and Canada Atkinson, Mabel (married name Palmer) (1876–1958) UK page 338 Atwood, Charlotte (birth and death dates not known) US Atwood, Tony (Clare) (1866–1962) UK Augspurg, Anita (1857–1943) Germany page 299 Baer, Gertrude (1890–1981) Germany Balch, Emily Greene (1867–1961) US page 38, 157 Banks, Elizabeth (1872–1938) US Barnett, Henrietta (1851–1936) UK page 62 Barrett, Janie Porter (1865–1948) US page 61 Bates, Katharine Lee (1859–1929) US Bäumer, Gertrud (1873–1954) Germany Beard, Mary Ritter (1876–1958) US page 11 Beecher, Catherine (1800–78) US Bell, Florence (1851–1930) UK Bentham, Ethel (1861–1931) UK Besant, Annie (1847–1933) UK Bey, Cornelia de(1865–1948) US Black, Clementina (1853–1922) UK page 243 Black, Constance (married name Garnett) (1861–1946) UK Blanc-Bentzon, Thérèse (also known as Madame Blanc, and as Th. Bentzon) (1840–1907) France Blatch, Harriot Stanton (1856–1940) US Blatch, Nora Stanton (married name Barney) (1883–1971) US
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.791 | 0.521 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".