Phytoremediation of Cadmium and Nickel Contaminated Clay Soil in Lebanon Using Poplar Trees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pollution has been on the rise ever since the industrial revolution.In Lebanon, water and air pollution are among the most serious issues that require immediate solutions.Further, soil pollution cannot be excluded since it affects water sources and human nutrition.Soil pollution can happen due to hydrocarbon contamination or inorganic contamination like metal presence.More specifically, there are heavy metals (HMs) that if present above certain concentrations become contaminants to soils and crops.In this work, the use of plants, precisely a hyperaccumulator seedling called poplar, was explored as a remediation technique for cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) contamination in soil.A pot experiment is set up in a greenhouse compartment at the American University of Beirut using synthetically contaminated clay soil to evaluate the efficiency of poplar seedlings in phytoremediation during a period of four months.The use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to detect and quantify heavy metals absorbed by different parts of the plants is also being assessed.The results showed that cadmium mostly accumulates in poplar leaves while nickel is found mostly in the roots of the plant, according to the collected data until the present time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".