Identifying the Activity Origin of a Single-Atom Au<sub>1</sub>/Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Catalyst for Hydrodeoxygenation of Methylcatechol: A Stable Substitutional Au<sup>+</sup> Site
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Developing effective and stable single-atom catalysts (SACs) is a significant but challenging task, which requires the identification of single-atom metal sites and their configurations. Herein, we report a single-atom Au 1 /Nb 2 O 5 catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation of methylcatechol, a lignin model compound, which maintains stability in five consecutive conversions. Combined with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the Au + located at the Nb lattice site with two concomitant oxygen vacancies (Au@Nb v –2O v ) is identified as the thermodynamically favorable Au single-atom species and dominates the activity for molecular H 2 dissociation via a heterolytic mechanism. Moreover, the presence of oxygen vacancies in Au@Nb v –2O v facilitates the adsorption of methylcatechol, resulting in efficient cleavage of C–O bonds. Consequently, we design a catalyst with more Au + sites, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity. This work systematically elucidates the structure–activity relationship and provides a promising strategy to optimize SACs for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".