Acoustic wave-driven oxide dependant dynamic behavior of liquid metal droplet for inkjet applications
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we report bouncing and separating dynamic behaviors of a liquid metal droplet with/without the oxide layer in response to the applied acoustic wave. The oxidized liquid metal droplet is readily bounced off from the surface when it is excited by acoustic wave, while the HCl treated liquid metal droplet is fragmented into several small droplets. The bouncing height of the oxidized liquid metal is proportional to the applied acoustic wave amplitude. The number of the fragmented liquid metal droplets for the HCl-treated liquid metal according to time and acoustic wave amplitude was investigated. We also demonstrated the acoustic wave-based inkjet application to generate liquid metal droplets based on the pinch-off and the Rayleigh instability by changing amplitude of the acoustic wave. The probability for the generation of various droplet sizes with different acoustic wave amplitude was also studied.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it