Bibliographic record
Abstract
absorption of EM wave, 296 of microwave signal in snow, 337 of radiation by atmospheric gases, 325, 325-326 accumulated thawing degree-days (ATDDs), 78 active microwave sensors, 286-287, 287 surface melt observations, 434, 434-437, 437-438 advanced horizontal range algorithm (AHRA), 432 Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), 339, 340, 353, 354, 398, 427 ice surface temperature, 521, 521 sea ice concentration, 483-486, 484-486 sea ice extent (SIE), 580 sea ice thickness (SIT), 506-508, 508, 508, 509, 513 snow depth, 445, 445-446 Advanced SAR (ASAR), 314, 355, 384-385 identification of sea ice ridges using, 417 sea ice classification, 464 Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), 323, 323, 358, 358-359, 435, 436 Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS), 360, 423, 513 Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), 269-271, 275, 279, 327 albedo observations, 365, 370 ice surface temperature, 518-521, 521 leads, 422, 422, 424 SAR image compared, 455, 455 sea ice concentration, 473, 474 sea ice thickness, 505, 505-508, 507 sensors, 352, 352 surface melt, 429-430, 430 advection, 62, 87-88, 90 aerial photography ridge identification by, 416 surface melt, 437, 438 age-based sea ice classification, 321-322 age of sea ice.see sea ice age (SIA) agglomerate ice (R type ice), 201, 203, 211-212, 212, 220 aging of sea ice, 29, 259-260 airborne SAR (AIRSAR), 314-315, 318, 467 air bubbles, 47-50, 48-49, 54, 56, 56, 58, 58, 63, 66, 81, 81-82, 194 geometric characteristics, 242-244, 243, 244 in hummock ice, 223-226, 227 in melt pond ice, 227-228 in MYI, 81-82 in seasonal ice, 220-221, 223 aircraft, landing on sea ice, 20-21, 20-21 air dissolved in seawater, 33 air temperature, near-surface (nSAT), 560-561, 560-562 air volume fraction, 124-125 albedo, 13, 23, 301-303, 364-370 atmospheric spherical, 302 black-sky, 301 broadband, 301-302, 364-367, 365, 366, 366-367, 370, 428 ice decay, 77 ice surface melt, 428-430, 431, 437 open leads, 76 scattering, 299 seawater, 302, 335 sediment-laden sea ice, 368, 369 snow, 192, 302, 335-336, 336, 444 spectral, 301, 364-368, 367-368, 370, 428-429 Surface Heat Budget of Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment, 271-272, 272 white-sky (diffuse), 301 algae, 17, 76, 87, 230-232, 231-232 ALOS-2 SAR, 468, 468-469 ALOS-PALSAR, 314-315, 318, 414, 464 altimeters, 24, 323-325, 324 laser, 323-325, 324 radar, 308, 323-324, 324 sea ice thickness (SIT) observations, 502, 510-514, 511-512, 514 sensors, 359-360, 360 amorphous, 194 anatomy, ice, 10 anchor ice, 200 anisotropic reflectance factors (ARFs), 302 anisotropy, 319, 319-320 annual ice.see seasonal ice Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), 586, 586 Antarctic Oscillation, 585-586 Antarctic region climate change impact, 558-559 geography, 564, 565 growth rate of ice, 41 icebergs, 98, 99, 576-577, 577 ice of glacier origin, 95-96, 99 ice sheet, 558, 561 ice shelves, 96 latitude, 1 marginal ice zone, 94 platelet ice, 203 sea ice characteristics, 564-565, 566 sea ice extent, 565-569, 567-568 sea ice growth, 39 sea ice motion, 533, 533 sea ice salinity, 115, 115 sea ice thickness (SIT), 2, 571-572 snow cover, 45 superimposed ice, 40 surface air temperatures, 561, 561-562 Antarctic sea ice interaction with environment, 585-590 atmospheric factors, 585-586 oceanic forcing, 586-587 between sea ice, ice shelves, and icebergs, 589-590 Arctic amplification (AA), 561-562, 579-580 Arctic Ice Dynamic Joint Experiment (AIDJEX), 250, 250-252 Arctic Ice Mapping (AIM) program, 422, 422 Arctic Oscillation (AO), 579, 583-584, 586 Arctic Radiation and Turbulence Interaction Study (ARTIST), 478 Arctic region climate change impact, 558-559 geography, 562-564, 563 Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing, Second Edition.Mohammed Shokr and Nirmal K. Sinha.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.906 | 0.905 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".