Incidence and Risk Factors for Radiotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis Among Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and identify the risk factors for radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted. Eight electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Scientific Journals Database) were systematically searched from inception to 4 March 2023 for relevant studies. Study selection and data extraction were conducted by two independent authors. The Newcastle‒Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment among the included studies. Data synthesis and analyses were performed in R software package version 4.1.3 and Review Manager Software 5.4. The pooled incidence was calculated using proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the risk factors were evaluated using the odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. Sensitivity analysis and predesigned subgroup analyses were also conducted. RESULTS: A total of 22 studies published from 2005 to 2023 were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the incidence of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis was 99.0% among nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, and the incidence of severe radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis was 52.0%. Poor oral hygiene, overweight before radiotherapy, oral pH < 7.0, the use of oral mucosal protective agents, smoking, drinking, combined chemotherapy, and the use of antibiotics at early treatment stage are risk factors for severe radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses also revealed that our results are stable and reliable. CONCLUSIONS: Almost all patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have suffered from radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis, and more than half of patients have experienced severe oral mucositis. Facilitating oral health might be the key focus of reducing the incidence and severity of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis among nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022322035.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.019 | 0.065 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".