3D response simulation of a bridge with a posttensioned base rocking steel pier under sequential loading of traffic loads, braking force, and earthquake excitations
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents finite element (FE) investigations of the seismic response of a bridge incorporating a base rocking steel pier. The pier consists of a circular steel tube, circular end plates, posttensioned (PT) tendon(s), and supplemental energy dissipation devices, and is configured to rock at its interface with the foundation. The main characteristic of such a pier is its ability to ensure small residual drifts after undergoing inelastic deformations during cyclic loading. The system has a tendency to close the gap due to the presence of superstructure dead load (DL) and tendon posttensioning force. Using experimental data, the calibration of the FE procedure is done at the material, component, and global system levels. The FE model of a prototype bridge is developed with the rocking pier modelled by continuum elements while superstructure, bearing units, abutment walls and backfill material modelled by discrete elements. The analysis procedure includes the application of one or two earthquake excitations, traffic loads, and braking force. The varied parameters are the diameter‐to‐thickness ratio of the column, presence of a PT tendon, addition of supplemental energy dissipaters (EDs), base plate dimensions, height of ED chairs, and ED strength. The results of dynamic FE studies demonstrate that a bridge utilizing such a pier has the potential to undergo consecutive earthquakes without sustaining significant damage and return to its original position without requiring abutment component stiffness and strength.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it