Geodynamic oxidation of Archean terrestrial surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract One of the paradoxes of the Archean rock record is how evidence for oxidative continental weathering is plausible when the atmosphere lacked oxygen prior to the Great Oxidation Event ca. 2.5 billion years ago. We detected reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at various silicate-water interfaces in a simulated Archean atmosphere and calculated homolysis rates of silicon–oxygen bonds in these minerals. We find that ROS can be produced while silicates were eroded and transported by streams to depositional basins. The magnitude of ROS production increases from mafic- to felsic-silicates. During early continent formation, e.g ., the Kaapvaal and Pilbara basins in the Paleoarchean, the emplacement of granitoids and their subsequent exposure to physical weathering might have annually provided at least 1.73 × 10 8 mol O 2 before the biological O 2 production. Importantly, this process could have oxidatively mobilized redox-sensitive elements to seawater, increasing the availability of bioessential nutrient elements for the Archean biosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".