Cramer-Rao Lower Bound for Direction of Arrival Estimates Using Multi-Input Interferometric Receivers in Line-of-Sight Environment
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper deals with the computation of the closed form expression of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) relative to the estimates of the direction of arrival (DOA) of an electromagnetic plane wave, using distributed multi-input interferometers that use wave correlations to discriminate the phase of an unknown signal. The CRLB bound is found to be dependent on many design parameters, including the characteristic function of power detection diodes, the signal to noise ratio (SNR), as well as the number of receiving antennas. The new CRLB expression provides intuitive insight about the performance of any unbiased DOA estimator in the case of Line-of-Sight (LOS) propagation environment.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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