Arctic backfilling: challenges and lessons-learned
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Backfill is an inherent component of the mining at Agnico Eagle Mines’ (AEM) arctic operations in Canada, Nunavut, including Amaruq, Meliadine and Hope Bay. Backfill quality is essential to limit the dilution during the mining of secondary stopes and to optimise the mining sequence in this cost-challenging environment. Backfilling with cemented rockfill (CRF) or cemented paste backfill (CPB) in Canadian Arctic conditions is demanding since many assumptions and experiences acquired in warmer temperatures are no longer applicable. Through innovative laboratory techniques, in-situ monitoring and operational lessons learned, AEM operates with various backfilling techniques adapted to the Arctic environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".