Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fertilizers made from urban sewage and compost and from industrial waste contain higher levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) than those made from livestock manure, according to a new study ( Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03697 ). Sewage sludge and other urban waste reflect what’s consumed in the home, underscoring the continued presence of these compounds, says Sébastien Sauvé, an environmental chemist at the University of Montreal who led the investigation. By comparing samples collected decades ago with those collected recently, Sauvé and coworkers found that although the presence of some key PFAS compounds has declined over time, closely related chemicals are popping up. “The standard compounds that we wanted to ban and reduce consumption of are going down, but new ones are appearing,” Sauvé says. The researchers analyzed 47 solid waste samples for 160 PFAS compounds. The samples were collected in France during two periods: 1976–98 and
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".