Strengthening of Concrete-Filled Double Skinned Circular Steel Tubular (CFDSCT) Column: A Review Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to its beneficial characteristics, such as its high load carrying capacity, good seismic resistance, fire resistance, high ductility, and quick construction, a concrete filled double skinned steel circular tubular (CFDSCT) column is a structural member that is frequently used in high-rise buildings.Many studies have proved that the factors controlling the bearing capacity of this type of column are column diameter-to-tube thickness (D/t), column length-to-diameter (L/D), central void ratio (χ), the yield of steel tubes (fy), and concrete strength (fc).In this study, the enhancement of the load-bearing capacity of the CFDST column was highlighted by adding some external details and changes to its structure.These external details and changes gave the structure more confinement and improved contact zoon between concrete and tubes.The differences between the previous test results were significant; a good additional improvement in compressive strength and bond strength reached 51% and 225%, respectively, higher than the conventional CFDSCT.This improvement was achieved by some changes in the outer tube structure or by using external details on the outer and inner tubes.This review also showed how the load-bearing capacity of the CFDSCT column could be improved if the best results from the above factors were added to the CFDSCT results.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".