Detecting <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> in Cooling Tower Water Samples with a DNAzyme/Bead‐Based Fluorescence Assay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent behind the deadly waterborne disease Legionnaires’, which is commonly transmitted by the spread of contaminated droplets from cooling tower water samples. The lack of effective detection methods presents a challenge for L. pneumophila outbreak control. Previously, an RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme called LP1 was reported to specifically target L. pneumophila. In this study, LP1 was immobilized onto agarose beads via streptavidin‐biotin interaction to develop a bead‐based fluorescence assay for L. pneumophila detection. This bead‐based assay demonstrated excellent stability and functionality in various cooling tower water samples. To improve L. pneumophila monitoring in real‐world samples, a lysozyme treatment was used to enhance L. pneumophila recognition. The limit of detection of this DNAzyme‐based bead assay can reach 103 CFUs in cell‐spiked cooling tower water samples without cell culturing or signal amplification steps.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".