Tetrazine-Derived Near-Infrared Dye for Targeted Photoacoustic Imaging of Bone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A near-infrared photoacoustic probe was used to image bone in vivo through active and bioorthogonal pretargeting strategies that utilized coupling between a tetrazine-derived cyanine dye and a trans -cyclooctene-modified bisphosphonate. In vitro hydroxyapatite binding of the probe via active and pretargeting strategies showed comparable increases in percent binding vs a nontargeted control. Intrafemoral injection of the bisphosphonate-dye conjugate showed retention out to 24 h post-injection, with a 14-fold increase in signal over background, while the nontargeted dye exhibited negligible binding to bone and signal washout by 4 h post-injection. Intravenous injection, using both active and pretargeting strategies, demonstrated bone accumulation as earlier as 4 h post-injection, where the signal was found to be 3.6- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than the signal from the nontargeted dye. The described bone-targeted dye enabled in vivo photoacoustic imaging, while the synthetic strategy provides a convenient building block for developing new targeted photoacoustic probes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".