Cryptococcal Meningitis and Spatial Distribution of Pigeons (Columba livia) in Colombia (P4-8.004)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the biogeographical distribution of Columba livia (Cl) in Colombia and its association with the density of meningeal cryptococcosis and HIV cases. Background: Cryptococcus spp. is widely distributed and the main cause of meningitis in HIV patients from low-income countries. Colombia exhibits a high prevalence of antigenemia and an above average incidence, while the most common (>80%) clinical presentation of cryptococcosis in the country is meningitis. Exposure to pigeons feces has been stated as one of the risk factors and small studies from Colombia have found the fungus in 25% of these samples; nonetheless, it is still unknown if the geographical distribution of common pigeons (Cl) correlates with that of HIV and meningeal cryptococcosis. Design/Methods: Occurrences of Cl were extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and then mapped by municipalities. Information regarding HIV prevalence and mortality were provided by the Ministry of Health and cryptococcal meningitis prevalence was inferred from the passive laboratory-based surveillance system. Densities were calculated per 100 Km2. Spearman correlation coefficients and robust linear regression were implemented. Results: In Colombia, 32226 occurrences of pigeons have been reported in 698 municipalities (55.25% of the country’s area). Median density of occurrence was 1.66 per 100 Km2. Regarding the geographical distribution of HIV cases and fatalities, most were found in the highly populated departments. There was a moderate correlation of Cl occurrence distribution with HIV density by municipality (ρ=0.443, p=0.000) and cryptococcus cases at the departmental level (ρ=0.699, p=0.000). Significant association with occurrence persisted after adjusting by population density (β=0.603 CI 95% 0.258–0.949, p=0.001). Conclusions: There is evidence of geographical correlation between pigeons occurrence and density of cryptococcal meningitis. Further studies should address the impact of environmental variables on the fungus niche. Disclosure: Dr. Pinilla Monsalve has nothing to disclose. Miss Forero has nothing to disclose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".